Imagine, if you were the only person in this world, would you have to stress about anything? You have no fear of losing anything, no desire to gain anything, no gain, no lust, and no restlessness. May you always be pleased with the Creator, so much to gift you! Without the term “networking” in the computing world, many of today’s modern computing techs would be unimaginable, mind – the Internet! Many computers connected at once are the starting point for many problems, as bad guys try to break your security and security specialists become very necessary. Without the networking term, today’s hacking term might not even be heard. As you can understand from the above example, because there are many people in the world at the same time, there is so much competition, so much jealousy and hatred.

This post covers
1. Computer Network

7. Wide Area Network

computer network

When multiple computers start working together using the same protocol, it is called a common computer network. Whenever you try to connect or talk to a computer with another computer, you must create a network. You are also networking when you transfer files or music from one phone to another using Bluetooth. So it is as simple as plain water, networking is born by connecting multiple computers to the same network. But there are some deeper points to note. Just think, when you’re connecting one computer to another, there’s more to come! First of course the computer itself is a term, then how they are connected to each other. If connecting via cable, In that case wired network and in case of wireless connection, then wireless network. Two computers can be connected to each other easily by creating a direct connection, but if the number of computers is increased, then another third party device will be needed, which will maintain all the connections. For example, you can easily connect one or two plugs directly to the wall socket, but if you need to connect TV, fridge, mobile phone, laptop charger together, then multi-plug is necessary. This is what routers, hubs, and switches do in networking. Now Vyas connected the computers together, but technically a network would not be created until the computers started working on the same protocol. Of course, every computer must understand everyone’s language. Suppose I speak Bengali and you speak Chinese, in that case will communication ever be possible between you and me? Another piece of hardware that helps complete networking is the network card in your computer. Earlier it needed to be installed separately, but now it is installed dedicatedly with all computers.

IP address

Now suppose you connect multiple computers together in a network. Added, but how a specific computer to establish a relationship with a specific computer? Suppose you have connected 10 electrical devices in a multi-plug, now if you supply current to it, each device will receive current equally. But if you want to provide a specific current to a specific electrical device, then the connected devices must have an identity. The same is true for computer networks. An IP address is a computer’s virtual identity, which makes it easy to locate any computer connected to the network. The IP address, usually seen as “151.101.65. 121” — goes like this. But there can be different types of IP address and its numerical changes according to the type. So we will work as per above reference. First we networked computers together and now we have everything. The computer has a unique identity, that is, it will be possible to send special data or commands to any special computer. Now of course there are two distinct parts to networking. If you create a network by connecting the computers in your home or office together through cables or wirelessly, it is called a local area network. Connecting your local network to thousands of local networks outside is called the Internet. I will not say anything more about the Internet here, I have already published the best article. can read Local area networks and the Internet work in much the same way, but things are different. For example, when you live at home, you are the boss, not your home, right? And when you are outside, or in the office, there is another rule that you have to walk, if someone else sits there.

IP type

The IP address I described above is IP version 4 — which is already expired. When you are connected to the Internet, of course it means that you are connected to millions of devices. But there it must require unique addresses, right? Bat version 4 is long overdue. We overcome this IP4 shortcoming by using a network address translation method. There is a dedicated post on IP addresses, which is a must see! As mentioned earlier, there are many types of IP addresses, and all have different rules for networking. Private IP, Public IP, Static IP, and Dynamic IP. Private IP is the IP address used by your local network. As mentioned earlier, IP 4 is over, but if you use an IP on a private network that is also owned by a device on a separate or other network, Nothing will happen to your network. Buy your own network, own rules! 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 | 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255] and 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255—IPs in this range are used as private IPs. Now in this your computer’s private IP may be “192.168.0.10” but this is not internet IP, it is your own IP. Now public IP will be required to connect to internet. Public IP is the IP that your Internet Service Provider assigns to you. You turned on the computer, and connected to the Internet, what does this mean? This means you connect your internet service provider’s computer, and receive a public IP from them. friend, This is where Network Address Translation or NAT comes into play. Your router only accepts public IPs and hides the private IPs of your local or home network. The router assigns a private IP to all connected devices and when a request is made to the Internet from a computer, the router receives the request and forwards it to the public IP. Hope the request comes back from the public IP to the router, the router forwards it to your computer’s private IP, but the router knows exactly which private IP the request came from, and where to send it! Did you understand that? This is how the internet is kept alive using NAT. The IP address I described above is IP version 4 – which is already expired. When you are connected to the Internet, Of course, this does not mean that millions of devices are connected. But there it must require unique addresses, right? Version 4 is long gone. We overcome this IP4 shortcoming by using a network address translation method. There is a dedicated post on IP addresses, which is a must see. As mentioned earlier, there are many types of IP addresses, and all have different rules for networking. Private IP, Public IP, Static IP, and Dynamic IP. Private IP is the IP address used by your local network. As mentioned earlier, IP 4 is dead, but if you use an IP on a private network, which is also owned by a device on a different or other network, nothing on your network will come through. Don’t buy your own net own rules! 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 | 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 | and 192. IPs in the range 168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255 are used as private IPs. Now in this your computer’s private IP may be “192.168.0.10” but this is not internet IP, it is your own IP. Now public IP will be required to connect to internet. Public IP is the IP that your Internet Service Provider assigns to you. You turned on the computer, and connected to the Internet, what does this mean? This means you connect your internet service provider’s computer, and receive a public IP from them. friend, This is where Network Address Translation or NAT comes into play. Your router only accepts public IPs and hides the private IPs of your local or home network. The router assigns a private IP to all connected devices and when a request is made to the Internet from a computer, the router receives the request and forwards it to the public IP. Hope the request comes back from the public IP to the router, the router forwards it to your computer’s private IP, but the router knows exactly which private IP the request came from, and where to send it! Did you understand that? This is how the internet is kept alive using NAT. The router receives the request and forwards it to the public IP. Hope the request comes back from the public IP to the router, the router forwards it to your computer’s private IP, but the router knows exactly which private IP the request came from, and where to send it! Did you understand that? This is how the internet is kept alive using NAT. The router receives the request and forwards it to the public IP. Hope the request comes back from the public IP to the router, the router forwards it to your computer’s private IP, but the router knows exactly which private IP the request came from, and where to send it! Did you understand that? This is how the internet is kept alive using NAT.

Dynamic IP and Static IP

Most public IP addresses are subject to change. It means that once you connect to the Internet, you are given a public address, but when you disconnect and reconnect, another public IP is given, especially mobile operators do this more. If an IP changes, it is called a dynamic IP. Suppose you are not using the internet, then there is no need to keep you with that public IP right? These ISPs assign that IP to other customers. There is already a shortage of IP addresses, understand it! But if you want to host a website, then static IP address will be necessary. If the IP keeps changing, No one can access your computer. And the website is hosted on the same computer as your computer. Just as your home network is connected to the public IP to access the Internet, the server network must also be connected to the public IP. He understood that the matter is actually the same everywhere. If you want to regularly receive courier services at your home, a fixed and unchanging address is definitely required. If the address keeps changing, how can your home be found repeatedly?

DNS

Websites use domain names (eg Basicspress.com) rather than direct IPs, which are much easier to remember and have many advantages. But it is not possible to connect any computer without IP. So when you enter the domain name into the browser, the browser starts looking for DNS or domain name servers. DNS contains that information, to which IP the domain is targeted, after which the site is loaded from just that IP. You can know more details about this from The World Wide Web article. The advantage of having a domain name is that it is easy to remember and DNS can be changed. It means if you transfer a site from one server to another server, it means that the IP address changes, in case of any site, you just need to change the DNS, there is no need to change the site name. The user will not understand. Whether the server has been changed. But your ISP may take a little time to update the DNS record, so if the IP behind the domain changes, the previous IP will not get that IP from the record, so the site may be down. That’s why you may not be able to log in for some time after changing the Wired server.

Local Area Network (LAN)

Even though you have a good idea of ​​LAN from the previous discussion, a little review is still in order! As mentioned earlier, a network of computers that are physically close together and connected to each other through wires or wirelessly is called a LAN. Connection between LANs can be provided using Ethernet cables, or WiFi, and requires routers, hubs, switches, etc. LAN devices are directly connected to each other. Any device can make a connection with any other device and send or receive data, which is called a peer-to-peer network, similar to how a torrent network works. But large networks like the Internet don’t work this way, with web server computers in the middle. Any request first goes to the server and then the file/webpage to the client computer. Now the question is, how big is it possible to make this local area network? —It is possible to build a local area network from two devices to thousands or millions of devices, but even with millions of devices it will not be connected to the Internet, you need to connect to the rest of the world network. But you can call a local network of millions of devices your own internet.

Wide Area Network and others

As mentioned earlier, there are many types of networks and each has a different role and importance, Wide Area Network is one of them, Internet can be called WAN (Wide Area Network). Here WAN refers to a computer network over a long distance. Internet network is spread all over the world. The network device connects the router, the LAN, and the WAN together. This means that when you connect to the Internet from a local network, it means that you are making a connection to the WAN. But none can be called the complete Internet. Suppose you have created a bank network, each bank has a local network and the bank branches are spread in different parts of the city, now if you connect all the local networks, In this case technically one will be created. But it can not be called internet as long as it is connected to this WAN with a connection from an ISP. In other words, ISP provides internet connection to any LAN or WAN. There are other types of networks such as;

1. WLAN – Wireless Local Area Network

2. MAN – Metropolitan Area Network

3. SAN – Storage Area Network, System Area Network, Server Area Network, or sometimes Small Area Network

4. CAN – Campus Area Network, Controller Area Network, or sometimes Cluster Area Network

5. PAN – Personal Area Network

Wireless local area network mainly depends on WiFi or different wireless technology, the LAN to connect with WiFi can be called WLAN. A metropolitan area network can be spread over many locations, it is larger than a LAN but smaller than a WAN. When database or storage special computers are connected to a network using fiber channel technology, it is called a SAN or storage area network. A cluster area network can be created by connecting large and high-configuration computers together in a network.